Zaloga, Steven; Sarson, Peter (1993). M1 Abrams Main Battle Tank 1982–1992. New Vanguard (Book 2). Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-85532-283-8. Forty, George (1995). Tank Action. From the Great War to the Persian Gulf. Allan Sutton Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0-75090-479-7. Zaloga & Sarson 1993, pp.9–10: Zaloga gives another set of figures in this book 350mm (14in) against APFSDS and 700mm (28in) vs HEAT. The M1A1 could kill other tanks at ranges in excess of 8,200 feet (2,500m). This range was crucial in combat against previous generation tanks of Soviet design in Desert Storm, as the effective range of the main gun in the Soviet/Iraqi tanks was less than 6,600 feet (2,000m). This meant Abrams tanks could hit Iraqi tanks before the enemy got in range—a decisive advantage in this kind of combat. In friendly fire incidents, the front armor and fore side turret armor survived direct APFSDS hits from other M1A1s. This was not the case for the side armor of the hull and the rear armor of the turret, as both areas were penetrated on at least two occasions by unintentional strikes by depleted uranium ammunition during the Battle of Norfolk. [45] A destroyed M1A1, hit in the rear grill by a Hellfire missile and penetrated by a sabot tank round from the left side to right (see exit hole) in Operation Desert Storm, 1991

Fornusek, Martin (8 September 2023). "Media: US prolongs Abrams tank training for Ukrainian soldiers". The Kyiv Independent. Army Equipment Program" (PDF). U.S. Army. May 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 April 2015. The Pentagon's approach to control of research and development was modified with the XM1. Previous acquisition strategy called for a significant amount of the design work be done by the government. Under the new framework, contractors would competitively bid their own designs rather than compete solely for the right to manufacture the end product. [24] More changes [ edit ] The Ballistic Research Laboratory (BRL) used computerized tools during the development of the M1, which led to the development of BRL-CAD. Here, a Vector General 3D graphics terminal displays a model of the M1. M256 smoothbore gun [ edit ] M1 Abrams during a U.S. Army firing exercise, displaying internal crew cabin operations An M1A1 fires its main gun in Twentynine Palms, CA, April 2018.

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McFall, Caitlin (25 January 2023). "Biden approves sending 31 M1 Abrams tanks to Ukraine, in reversal". Fox News Channel . Retrieved 26 January 2023. Beecher, William (21 January 1970). "U.S. and Bonn End 7-Year Joint Effort to Build a Tank". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 August 2018 . Retrieved 26 August 2018. Abrams tanks still on defense wish list". Taipei Times. 24 May 2015. Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. The turbine engine does not appear to be the only reason for this decision. Chrysler was the only company that appeared to be seriously interested in tank development; the M60 had been lucrative for the company and relied on that program for much of its profit. In contrast, GM made only about 1% of its income from military sales, compared to 5% for Chrysler, and only submitted their bid after a "special plea" from the Pentagon. [23] Production starts [ edit ] M1 Abrams 105 mm main battle tanks maneuver into firing positions during Exercise REFORGER '85. An early production XM-1 tank during field trials in 1979.

Defense Update.com". Defense Update.com. 25 April 2006. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009 . Retrieved 9 June 2009. M1A1HC (Heavy Common): Added new second generation depleted uranium armor components, digital engine control and other small upgrades common between Army and Marine Corps tanks.Battlefield Capabilities". Archived from the original on 19 January 2021 . Retrieved 3 January 2021. Fabio Prado. "Main Battle Tank – M1, M1A1, and M1A2 Abrams". Fprado.com. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011 . Retrieved 28 June 2011.

Here Introducing an all-new M1 Caliber, It is a Better Way to Measure. Though It also eliminates the need to measure and mark materials before cutting them with a modern, robust, and intuitive measuring tool. The Army's Future Combat Systems Program and Alternatives" (PDF). Congressional Budget Office Study: 67. August 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( November 2022) Villasanta, Arthur Dominic (28 March 2017). "New US Army M1 Abrams Tank Rounds can Easily Destroy the T-14 Armata". Archived from the original on 15 March 2018 . Retrieved 15 March 2018. Tyler Rogoway (25 August 2015). "Houthi Rebels Destroy M1 Abrams Tanks With Basic Iranian Guided Missiles". Foxtrot Alpha. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017 . Retrieved 14 April 2016.M1A2-K: Under development, unique variant for the Kuwaiti Army, slated to replace Kuwait's current M1A2 fleet. [177] PROTECTOR Remote Weapon Station". Kongsberg Protech Systems. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013 . Retrieved 4 October 2013.

A second 7.62mm M240 machine gun in a coaxial mount (i.e., it points at the same targets as the main gun) to the right of the main gun. The coaxial MG is aimed and fired with the same computerized firing control system used for the main gun. On earlier M1 and M1A1s 3000 rounds are carried, all linked together and ready to fire. This was reduced slightly in later models to make room for new system electronics. A typical 7.62mm combat loadout is between 10,000 and 14,000 rounds carried on each tank.

The BAR: A Flawed Foundation?

Armor [ edit ] Tankers drive an M1A1 Abrams through the Taunus Mountains north of Frankfurt during Exercise Ready Crucible in February 2005. U.S. Marines with the 2nd Tank Battalion, 2nd Marine Division, advance on their eastern objective defended by opposing Spanish forces during Exercise Trident Juncture 18 near Dalholen, Norway, November 3, 2018. United States – United States Army and United States Marine Corps received over 8,100 M1, M1A1 and M1A2 tanks combined. [248]