Gomez, Michael A. (1994). "Muslims in Early America". The Journal of Southern History. 60 (4): 671–710. doi: 10.2307/2211064. ISSN 0022-4642. JSTOR 2211064. Prior to 1975, only a small number of Hispanic American and Native American individuals were members of the NOI, although under Farrakhan the Nation began putting greater efforts into recruiting among these groups. [413] The number of Latinos in the Nation is not known, although their presence in the group is much higher under Farrakhan than it was under Elijah Muhammad. [410] Not all members believe every teaching of the Nation implicitly, [414] and there are reports of members who privately break the Nation's rules, for instance by listening to jazz and smoking marijuana. [415] There, the NOI claims, Yakub engaged in a selective breeding program to create the white race. This entailed breeding new children, with those who were too dark being killed at birth and their bodies being fed to wild animals or incinerated. Over two centuries, Yakub's experiments created a group of blonde, light-skinned people, the white race. [78] The myth of Yakub presents the white race as being degenerate, [28] sub-human, [79] and bereft of divinity. [80] Because of this, the NOI teaches that white people are intrinsically prone to lying, violence, and brutality. [81] Elijah Muhammad repeatedly referred to the white man as the devil. [82] The NOI's ideas regarding white people have been labelled both racist [83] and racialist. [9] I think that's a very powerful finding, which I think anecdotally has been felt by most Arab Americans in their daily lives," says Kristine Ajrouch, a professor of sociology at Eastern Michigan University whose research on white identity and Arab Americans is cited in the paper. It's hard to do research about people of MENA descent in the U.S. Farrakhan claimed that in 1985, at Tepotzotlán in Mexico, he was teleported aboard the Mother Plane and there was given advice on the future of the Nation. [346] Masonic elements and numerology came to play an important part in Farrakhan's speeches. [319] Farrakhan's Nation expanded its international network, including building links in Africa; particularly strong links were built between Farrakhan and Ghanaian President Jerry Rawlings. [347] Under Farrakhan, the NOI adopted more elements of mainstream Islamic practice, although not to the extent of Wallace Muhammad. [348]

black What is the justification, in Islam, of women wearing black

If the CV is greater than 10% and less than or equal to 20%, the estimate is considered acceptable. Family ties are an important element of the NOI's senior ranks; various members of Elijah Muhammad's family were for instance married to members of Farrakhan's family. [360] Fard Muhammad's following grew rapidly. [260] Around 7000 to 8000 people attended his meetings, which were held three days a week. [260] Some of those attracted to it had previously been members of the Moorish Science Temple. [261] He wrote two manuals, the Secret Ritual of the Nation of Islam and the Teaching for the Lost Found Nation of Islam in a Mathematical Way. [262] He also urged his followers to listen to the radio sermons of the Watch Tower Society and Baptist fundamentalists. [263] He established a bureaucratic administration within the Nation, its own system of schools, and the Fruit of Islam (FOI) paramilitary wing for men and the Muslim Girls Training School for women. [264] Jacob Neusner, World Religions in America: An Introduction, Westminster John Knox Press (2003), pp. 180–181. ISBN 978-0-664-22475-2. Achievement of a good degree has a profound impact on long-term social mobility, but there are huge differences in attainment between ethnic groups and men and women.

Traditionally worn by Palestinian farmers, during the Ottoman period the keffiyeh signalled that the wearer was rural, in contrast to the tarboosh worn by the urban classes. [1] Evaluation of the current evidence base for population estimates by ethnic group produced by the Office for National Statistics.

The Nation of Islam (Black Muslims) | Socialist Alternative The Nation of Islam (Black Muslims) | Socialist Alternative

Active U.S. Hate Groups in 2006". Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on October 27, 2007 . Retrieved October 29, 2007. These estimates are Experimental Statistics, developed following research into a method for producing population estimates by ethnic group and religion combining APS and census data published in 2017 and 2019. Statistical significance Ethnicities have been presented alphabetically at the five-category level (except for Other) and then alphabetically within each five-category ethnic group. Dodoo, Jan (May 29, 2001). "Nation of Islam". University of Virginia. Archived from the original on November 9, 2007. Tatum, Sophie (March 1, 2018). "Nation of Islam leader Farrakhan delivers anti-Semitic speech". CNN. Archived from the original on March 1, 2018 . Retrieved March 2, 2018.

Its prominence increased during the 1960s with the beginning of the Palestinian resistance movement and its adoption by Palestinian politician Yasser Arafat. [2] Age profiles vary between the 18 ethnic groups, highlighting that when these are aggregated into the higher-level, five-ethnic group classification some of the differences between groups are masked. Estimates of the population by ethnic group and religion have been derived from the three-year-pooled APS. Results derived from surveys are always estimates, not precise figures. As the number of people in the sample gets smaller, the variability of estimates that can be made from that sample get larger. Khuri, Fuad I. (1987). "The Ulama: A Comparative Study of Sunni and Shi'a Religious Officials". Middle Eastern Studies. 23 (3): 291–312. doi: 10.1080/00263208708700708. ISSN 0026-3206. JSTOR 4283186. This signifies their willingness to abide to the strict rules of the organisation and their renunciation of much personal choice. [196] They are expected to wear suits with either ties or bowties; [197] those who are part of the Fruit of Islam guards wear military-style uniforms. [198] Women are commanded to dress modestly; [165] they are not permitted to wear trousers and are encouraged to cover their heads, although the latter is deemed optional. [198]