Megan Smitley, Pamela Sharpe, Penny Summerfield, Lynn Abrams, and Cordelia Beattie (2009), The Feminine Public Sphere : Middle-Class Women and Civic Life in Scotland, C. 1870-1914 Unsurprisingly, using sex appeal to sell beer was a marketing goldmine during an age of massive gender inequality. Chloe Shields is in the second year of her AHRC-CDP funded PhD supervised by Dr Elsa Richardson and Dr Oliver Betts. Previously, Chloe completed her bachelor’s degree in history, and MSc in Museum Studies at the University of Glasgow, researching both food history and food and visitor studies in museums. Her current research project is titled ‘Eating on the Go’: Cultures of Consumption and the Railways, 1880-1948’ partnered between the University of Strathclyde and the National Railway Museum in York. Her research revolves around the social, economic and political structures that framed food and eating experiences on Britain’s railways. Utilising the world-class collection of the National Railway Museum (and Wider Science Museum Group) her PhD explores how and what people ate on the railways, and how they felt about it. Eva Ward Rachel is a second year Wellcome Trust PhD student at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow supervised by Prof Matthew Smith. Her PhD thesis is entitled 'A Spoonful of Sugar: Dietary Advice and Diabetes in Britain and the US, 1946-2015' which uses oral history to trace the history of Type 2 diabetes, focusing in particular on patients' experiences and the dietary advice they have received throughout this period.

In 1997, Tennent’s joined forces with leading creative firm the Leith Agency to bring its brand into the modern age. Graph 9.4: Alcohol expenditure in Hawkhead Asylum 1907–1913. The dates shown are those in which expenditure on alcohol was listed in the annual reports 25 One of the ways of looking deeper than the problems of drink is to consider the agency of alcohol consumers. This type of analysis has been used in a number of social and cultural histories of alcohol and other intoxicants. 10 In a study of Mexican drinking culture, Tim Mitchell views drinkers as rational actors and not ‘mere pawns somehow incapable of noticing alcohol’s dark side’. He believes that the clues to uncovering people’s motivations and drinking behaviour lie at the deeper cultural level. 11 In a study of cigarette smoking in America, Richard Klein claims that the ‘dark, dangerous and sublime’ qualities of cigarettes have been erased in a climate of demonization. He argues that cigarettes and smoking have a rich and diverse cultural history that can be explored and understood through a variety of cultural texts without reference to health risks, harm or addiction. 12 This is a useful methodology for looking at evidence of drinking behaviour because it negates the constant need to moralise drinking in the past. For the majority of alcohol consumers, drinking and getting drunk were choices—wilful acts involving the consumption of an intoxicant that held pleasure and meaning. This cannot be ignored or sidestepped by a moralising analysis. To do so would be to deny agency to consumers and disregard the social and cultural significance of a popular legal intoxicant. 13 Evidently, this doctor was concerned that the welfare of patients was put at risk by a distinction based on moral rather than medical grounds. Alcohol still held value within therapeutics and in surgical procedures and therefore to deny it to patients within workhouse hospitals must have seemed ethically questionable. However, temperance debates aside, by the early twentieth century there was growing scientific evidence for restricting the use of alcohol in medicine. Macfie referred to several studies that challenged the prevailing view that alcohol provided stimulation in cases of disease and debility. 13 These studies showed that alcohol also had an irritant or depressive action on nerves and body tissues. Macfie also pointed out that there were alternatives to alcoholic stimulation in therapeutics

This part considers the use of alcohol by the medical profession. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, doctors began to debate the efficacy of alcohol as a therapeutic drug and the moral implications of prescribing alcohol to patients. Alcohol was still used to treat a wide range of psychological and physiological illnesses but debates existed over the issue of therapeutic nihilism – whether alcohol did more harm than good and while some doctors held faith in its therapeutic qualities, others disagreed. The chapter draws upon an analysis of hospital records which show that alcohol use gradually declined in the period leading up to the First World War when the financial and moral cost of alcohol began to impact upon its popularity as a prescribed medicine.

In 1990, marketing director Mark Hunter was brought in and carried out research, finding that while 85% felt indifferent about the campaign, 15% of men said keep the cans – but that the models should appear topless.

She became the face of Sweetheart Stout in 1958, inspiring the Lovelies, with Tennent’s acquiring the brand through a merger with Caledonian Breweries in the 1960s. The rally will be held at 12.30pm on Buchanan Street Steps, Glasgow. A number of guest speakers are scheduled to make contributions including:

Dr Hands explained that the cans were not without controversy, as feminists accused the firm of promoting the exploitation and sexual objectification of women. Her research interests include medicine, mental health and healthcare, gender and class in health histories, institutional economies and military history. Jennifer is currently workin with the Conservation Directorate within Historic Environment Scotland. Iain Ferguson Schrad, M. L. (2010), The Political Power of Bad Ideas: Networks, Institutions, and the Global Prohibition Wave

The vast majority of Unite members in universities have had a 5-6 per cent pay offer imposed on them. The pay imposition follows a derisory uplift of 3 per cent for the majority of members in 2022. The strike action is part of a UK wide higher education pay dispute. Around 100 members across four colleges have also walked out in a separate dispute over pay. Workers in Ayrshire College, Dumfries and Galloway College, and West College Scotland are striking on varying days this week (see notes to editor). New College Lanarkshire members took strike action on 7 and 11 September. Both articles aimed to educate doctors on the composition and therapeutic value of various types of French wines. This was achieved by providing chemical analyses of the four basic constituents of wines, namely alcohol, sugar, acid and tannin. The articles claimed that differing levels of each of these constituents not only altered the taste and quality of the wine but also its therapeutic value. 38 In the case of claret it was noted that there were huge differences in the quality and chemical composition of this particular type of wine but it was still believed to have medicinal applications Baudrillard J. 2003. ‘The Ideological Genesis of Needs’, in (eds.) Clarke D. B., Doel M., and Housiaux K. The Consumption Reader: London: Routledge: pp. 255–259.

The general hospitals throughout the country have very materially reduced their expenditure on alcohol in all its forms, but the general hospitals have not abandoned its use in toto … The class of cases in the union infirmaries [where no alcohol was prescribed] are exactly identical with those in the general hospitals. The workhouse medical officer has to treat pneumonia and other acute diseases and grave surgical operations are performed in many union hospitals. At the Leeds General Infirmary alcohol is used. Must we conclude that the staff of Leeds General Infirmary are wrong in continuing this agent? 12 As many doctors still prescribed alcohol, it fell to the medical profession to investigate its role in the treatment of illness and disease. Between 1880 and 1914 there were articles in The British Medical Journal and The Lancet that investigated the use of alcohol in medical practice. Some of these articles provided chemical analyses of various alcoholic drinks because it was considered important that doctors were informed of the best types and quality of wines and spirits to prescribe to patients. Following the reduction in duties on imported wines from France, two articles appeared in The Lancet in June and July 1880. The articles were titled ‘The Lancet Commission on the Medical Use of Wines’ and each instalment dealt with different varieties of French wines. The first article in June 1880 stated Tennent’s signed Ann up for more photoshoots and she became the mascot for the brand between 1965 and 1969. She said: “The campaign helped reinforce sexual objectification that proliferated at the time – Benny Hill, Miss World, naked women in media and advertising. Putting those images on cans contributed to everyday sexism in the 1970s and 1980s. Greenaway J. 2003. Drink and British Politics Since 1830: A Study in Policy Making: Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

United We Will Swim! Interview with Fatima Uygun

Nicholls J. 2011 . The Politics of Alcohol: A History of the Drink Question in England: Manchester: Manchester University Press. In other words, the advent of germ theory did not radically change the role of alcohol in therapeutics. MacDonald believed that increased knowledge of the aetiology of disease meant that alcohol was prescribed more accurately and only when absolutely necessary. He argued that this change was not enough for the medical advocates of temperance reform who warned the profession to stop prescribing alcohol or face ‘the high road to therapeutic nihilism.’ 17 Which meant that by continuing to prescribe alcohol the medical profession risked doing more harm than good. MacDonald questioned the professional integrity of medical men who put their ‘extreme’ personal beliefs about temperance above their duty to patients. He cited an article published in The Lancet in 1908 written by a group of ‘well-known medical experts’ who expressed the view that alcohol was a ‘rapid and trustworthy restorative’ that in some cases could be a ‘life saving drug.’ 18 MacDonald believed that the majority of doctors shared these views Kristin completed her MSc in Health History at the University of Strathclyde and has been awarded the Wellcome Trust Doctoral Studentship award for her PhD on the history of contraception and abortion in Scotland c.1960 - 2000. She has an interest in the history of sex and medicine, pharmacy, psychiatry and oral history. Her thesis will consider the ways in which society, culture and medicine have shaped access to and attitudes towards contraception and abortion in Scotland during the second half of the twentieth century. Through the use of oral history, this project will uncover how women navigated the often-complicated world of reproductive healthcare in a new, medical age and explore how it impacted their lives. It will examine the shifting nature of the patient-practitioner relationship during this time, and the experiences of women who sought access to reproductive health facilities in Scotland.” Rachel Hewitt An examination of the transformation of the production and consumption of, and opposition to, alcoholic beverages in Britain and Ireland over the course of the long 19th Century. Weir R. B. 1984. ‘Obsessed with Moderation: The Drink Trades and the Drink Question 1870–1930’: British Journal of Addiction: Volume 79: pp. 93–107.