Monopoly Revolution Game

Product Information

a b Orbanes, Philip E. (2013). Monopoly, Money, and You: How to Profit from the Game's Secrets of Success (Nook E-Booked.). McGraw Hill Education. p.39. ISBN 978-0-07-180844-6. Schmittberger, R. Wayne (1992). New Rules for Classic Games. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 4. ISBN 0-471-53621-0. When creating some of the modern licensed editions, such as the Looney Tunes and The Powerpuff Girls editions of Monopoly, Hasbro included special variant rules to be played in the theme of the licensed property. Infogrames, which has published a CD-ROM edition of Monopoly, also includes the selection of "house rules" as a possible variant of play. Electronic Arts, which publishes current electronic versions of the game, such as for the Nintendo Wii, also includes the selection of certain house rules. Brandreth, Gyles (1985). The Monopoly Omnibus (First hardcovered.). Willow Books. p.185. ISBN 0-00-218166-5.

See H.R. 4460, and S. 1440, United States Congress, First Session, 1983, H.R. 6285 and S. 1990, 98th United States Congress, Second Session, 1984. This was signed into Public Law 98-620, by Ronald Reagan on November 8, 1984. WMS Press Release for a renewal of the license to produce Monopoly-themed slot machines, dated September 16, 2003 Within Spain, classic editions of Monopoly were released by ‘Borras’ until Hasbro took over production permanently in 1996. Variants such as Junior, European & Playmaster were released during this period without Borras involvement. The original hand made editions of the Monopoly game had been localized for the cities or areas in which it was played, and Parker Brothers has continued this practice. Their version of Monopoly has been produced for international markets, with the place names being localized for cities including London and Paris and for countries including the Netherlands and Germany, among others. By 1982, Parker Brothers stated that the game "has been translated into over 15 languages...". [184] In 2009, Hasbro reported that Monopoly is officially published in 27 languages, and has been licensed by them in 81 countries. [185] In 2013, Hasbro stated that the game is now available in 43 languages and 111 countries. [186] Licensed and special collectible editions of Monopoly, produced for the United States market between 1997 and 2006 Quotation from the inside cover of the game booklet included with the special Canadian Edition of Monopoly, published in 1982.

Walsh, Tim (2004). The Playmakers: Amazing Origins of Timeless Toys. Keys Publishing. p.48. ISBN 0-9646973-4-3.

The board game Monopoly has its origin in the early 20th century. The earliest known version, known as The Landlord's Game, was designed by Elizabeth Magie and first patented in 1904, but existed as early as 1902. [1] [2] Magie, a follower of Henry George, originally intended The Landlord's Game to illustrate the economic consequences of Ricardo's Law of economic rent and the Georgist concepts of economic privilege and land value taxation. [3] A series of board games was developed from 1906 through the 1930s that involved the buying and selling of land and the development of that land. By 1933, a board game had been created much like the modern version of Monopoly sold by Parker Brothers and its related companies through the rest of the 20th century, and into the 21st. Several people, mostly in the midwestern United States and near the East Coast of the United States, contributed to design and evolution. Various manufacturers of the game have created dozens of officially licensed versions, in which the names of the properties and other elements of the game are replaced by others according to the game's theme. The first such license was awarded in 1994, to the company that became USAopoly, starting with a San Diego edition of Monopoly and later including themes such as national parks, Star Trek, Star Wars, Nintendo, Disney characters, Pokémon, Peanuts, various particular cities (such as Las Vegas and New York City), states, colleges and universities, the World Cup, NASCAR, individual professional sports teams, and many others. [192] USAopoly also sells special corporate editions of Monopoly. [193] Official corporate editions have been produced for Best Buy, the Boy Scouts of America, Cornwell Quality Tools, FedEx, Target, Mariott and UPS, among others. [194] In 1995, a second license was awarded to Winning Moves Games in Massachusetts. [195] Winning Moves has produced a new board game and card games based on Monopoly in the United States. Winning Moves also produces official localized editions of the game in the UK, France, Germany and Australia. [196] [197] [198] [199] The Doctor Who 50th Anniversary Edition Monopoly is a special case, having been originally produced by Winning Moves in the UK, and resold by USAopoly within the US. [200] A third license was awarded in 2000 by Hasbro to Winning Solutions, Inc., which produces specialty deluxe editions mostly for sale by specialized retailers. [201] Other licensed localized editions of the game are being published in Nigeria and The Netherlands, among other locations. [202] [203] Barriers to entry: Competition within the market will determine the firm's future profits, and future profits will determine the entry and exit barriers to the market. Estimating entry, exit and profits are decided by three factors: the intensity of competition in short-term prices, the magnitude of sunk costs of entry faced by potential entrants, and the magnitude of fixed costs faced by incumbents. [5] After the Thuns learned the game, they began teaching its rules to their fraternity brothers at Williams College around 1926. [28] Daniel W. Layman, in turn, learned the game from the Thun brothers (who later tried to sell copies of the game commercially, but were advised by an attorney that the game could not be patented, as they were not its inventors). [28] [38] Layman later returned to his hometown of Indianapolis, Indiana, and began playing the game with friends there, ultimately producing hand-made versions of the board based on streets of that city. [30] Layman then commercially produced and sold the game, starting in 1932, with a friend in Indianapolis, who owned a company called Electronic Laboratories. [39] This game was sold under the name The Fascinating Game of Finance (later shortened to Finance). [40] Layman soon sold his rights to the game, which was then licensed, produced and marketed by Knapp Electric. [41] The published board featured four railroads (one per side), Chance and Community Chest cards and spaces, and properties grouped by symbol, rather than color. [42] [43] [44] Also in 1932, one edition of The Landlord's Game was published by the Adgame Company with a new set of rules called Prosperity, also by Magie. [45]Passing Go: Early Monopoly, 1933–1937 by "Clarence B. Darwin" (pseudonym for David Sadowski), Folkopoly Press, River Forest, Illinois. Photograph on p. 197.

Victor Watson and Ranny Barton began holding tournaments in the UK and US, respectively. World Champions were declared in the United States in 1973 and 1974 (and are still considered official World Champions by Hasbro). While the 1973 tournament, the first, matched three United States regional champions against the UK champion and thus could be argued as the first international tournament, true multinational international tournaments were first held in 1975. [165] Both authors (Orbanes and Brandreth) agree that John Mair was the first true World Champion, as decided in tournament play held in Washington, D.C. days after the conclusion of the European Championship (which Mair had also won), in November 1975. [166] Gunther, Noel; Hutton, Richard (1986). Beyond Boardwalk and Park Place. Bantam. ISBN 0-553-34341-6.

Glenn, Jim; Denton, Carey (2003). The Treasury of Family Games. Amber Books Ltd. p.15. ISBN 0-7621-0431-7. Waddingtons later produced special games during World War II which secretly contained files, a compass, a map printed on silk, and real currency hidden amongst the Monopoly money, to enable prisoners of war to escape from German camps. [94] [95] However, this story has come under recent scrutiny and is being disputed. [96] Network externalities: The use of a product by a person can affect the value of that product to other people. This is the network effect. There is a direct relationship between the proportion of people using a product and the demand for that product. In other words, the more people who are using a product, the greater the probability that another individual will start to use the product. This reflects fads, fashion trends, [13] social networks etc. It also can play a crucial role in the development or acquisition of market power. The most famous current example is the market dominance of the Microsoft office suite and operating system in personal computers. [14]

The game has also inspired official spin-offs, such as the board game Advance to Boardwalk from 1985. There have been six card games: Water Works from 1972, Free Parking from 1988, Express Monopoly from 1993, Monopoly: The Card Game from 1999, Monopoly Deal from 2008 and Monopoly Millionaire Deal from 2012. Finally, there have been two dice games: Don't Go to Jail from 1991 and an update, Monopoly Express, (2006–2007). A second product line of games and licenses exists in Monopoly Junior, first published in 1990. In the late 1980s, official editions of Monopoly appeared for the Master System, Commodore 64, and Commodore 128. [187] A television game show, produced by King World Productions, was attempted in the summer of 1990, but lasted for only 12 episodes. In 1991–1992, official versions appeared for the Apple Macintosh and Nintendo's NES, SNES, and Game Boy. [188] In 1995, as Hasbro (which had taken over Kenner Parker Tonka in 1991) was preparing to launch Hasbro Interactive as a new brand, they chose Monopoly and Trivial Pursuit to be their first two CD-ROM games. [189] The Monopoly CD-ROM game also allowed for play over the Internet. [190] CD-ROM versions of the officially licensed Star Wars and FIFA World Cup '98 editions also were released. [191] Later CD-ROM exclusive spin-offs, Monopoly Casino and Monopoly Tycoon, were also produced under license. Wenzel, Sebastian (April 2013). "Monopoly". In Geithner, Michael; Thiele, Martin (eds.). Nachgemacht: Spielekopien aus der DDR. DDR Museum Verlag. pp.37–40. ISBN 978-3-939801-18-4.Collins, Doug (November–December 1998). "Go to Court, Go Directly to Court". Washington Free Press . Retrieved 28 May 2013. Nicolò Falcone of Italy defeated players from 27 countries plus the defending champion in the 2015 World Championship held at The Venetian resort in Macau. [169] [170] A World Championship had been planned for 2021, but Hasbro has cancelled it due to the Coronavirus pandemic. Under the Boardwalk, LLC. "Under the Boardwalk: The Monopoly Story – 2015 Monopoly Championship Info". The number of companies in the market: If the number of firms in the market increases, the value of firms remaining and entering the market will decrease, leading to a high probability of exit and a reduced likelihood of entry.