Misjustice: How British Law is Failing Women

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Natapoff, Alexandra (2006–2007). "Beyond Unreliable: How Snitches Contribute to Wrongful Convictions". Golden Gate University Law Review. 37: 107–.

A particular focus for campaigners is a legal limit put on appeals despite a 2016 decision by supreme court judges when overturning the murder conviction of a Leicester man, Ameen Jogee, that the joint enterprise law “took a wrong turn” with an interpretation in 1984. For 32 years after that, people were convicted, having been involved in an incident of violence, if they “foresaw” that the victim could be killed by somebody else. The supreme court ruled that this was wrong, and that people could only be convicted of murder if they intended death or serious harm – and gave encouragement or assistance to the perpetrator. The Innocence Project says 44% of wrongful convictions are the result of faulty forensic analysis. This occurs when forensic experts inadvertently or deliberately misrepresent the significance, validity or reliability of scientific evidence. Over the years, misrepresentations have been made in the arenas of serological analysis, microscopic hair comparison, and the analysis of bite marks, shoe prints, soil, fiber, and fingerprints. [16] Overconfident experts [ edit ]

Academics believe that six main factors contribute to miscarriages of justice. [14] [15] These include eyewitness misidentification, faulty forensic analysis, false confessions by vulnerable suspects, perjury and lies told by witnesses, misconduct by police, prosecutors or judges and inadequate defence strategies put forward by the defendant's legal team. [16] Unreliability of eyewitness testimony [ edit ] a b c d Motivational Sources of Confirmation Bias in Criminal Investigations: The Need for Cognitive Closure, J. Investig. Psych. Offender Profil. 2: 43–63 (2005) Research into the issue of wrongful convictions have led to the use of methods to avoid wrongful convictions, such as double-blind eyewitness identification. [65] Leading causes of wrongful convictions in the United States include snitches [66] and unscientific forensics. [67] [68] a b Garrett, Brandon L. (January 13, 2020). "Wrongful Convictions". Annual Review of Criminology. 3 (1): 245–259. doi: 10.1146/annurev-criminol-011518-024739. ISSN 2572-4568. The Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Bill seeks to equip the police with the powers and tools they need to protect themselves and the public, while overhauling sentencing laws to keep serious sexual and violent offenders behind bars for longer, and placing greater emphasis on rehabilitation to better help offenders to turn their lives around and prevent further crimes.

Article 14(6) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) states that when a miscarriage of justice has occurred and the defendant's conviction has been reversed or they have been pardoned, "the person who has suffered punishment as a result of such conviction shall be compensated according to law". The right to compensation is also authorised by Article 3 of Protocol No. 7 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and Article 10 of the American Convention on Human Rights. [35] a b Elizabeth Wolgast (1987). The Grammar of Justice. Cornell University Press. pp. 103. ISBN 978-0801494024. Gloria Morrison, a co-founder of the campaign, told the rally: “JENGbA’s campaign is based on love – we love our families. If [our loved ones] had done something wrong, we would still love them, but we wouldn’t be on the streets fighting that they had been wrongfully convicted.”Extended ‘positions of trusts’ laws to protect teenagers from abuse by making it illegal for sports coaches and religious leaders from engaging in sexual activity with 16 and 17-year-olds.