Snake Venom Extract Serum Capsule Anti-wrinkle Anti-aging, Fullerene Sheep Placenta Intensive Facial Serum, Skin Brightening Hydrating Firming Lifting (2pcs)

Product Information

Products containing Syn-ake usually have low concentrations of the peptide, ranging from 1-4%. This low concentration reduces the potential for the ingredient to enter into the bloodstream and causes generalized muscle weakness.

Natron is a natural mixture of sodium carbonate decahydrate (a kind of soda ash) and about 17 per cent sodium bicarbonate (also called nahcolite or baking soda) along with small amounts of household salt (halite, sodium chloride) and sodium sulfate. Natron is white or without color when it is pure. Animal tests to assess venom toxicity and neutralization by antivenoms, particularly the mouse lethality assay, are associated with pain and distress, which may last for prolonged time intervals, as has been shown for crude venoms ( 94), and purified myotoxic PLA 2s ( 95) and hemorrhagic SVMPs ( 96). The algogenic effect of venoms is due to the action of venom peptides and proteins that directly activate nociceptive (pain sensing) neural pathways, as well as by the action of endogenous inflammatory mediators released in tissues as a consequence of venom actions, which stimulate nociceptive receptors in neurons ( 94, 97). Despite the evident suffering induced in laboratory animals when assessing venom toxicity and neutralization by antivenoms, the scientific community in Toxinology, as well as antivenom manufacturers, have been slow at introducing interventions aimed at refining these tests with the use of analgesia. One reason might be the possibility that analgesia affects the results of the tests, although this assumption has not received experimental support. Hence, it is time to consider the routine use of precautionary analgesia in these tests, along the lines indicated by the WHO ( 5). Ethyl acetate fractions of Luffa egyptiaca (Cucurbitaceae) and Nicotiana rustica (Solanaceae) extracts completely inhibited the protease activity of Naja nigricollis venom. There are various medicinal plants, which have been used in folk and traditional medicines against snakebites especially among the Fulani herdsmen of Northern Nigeria. But till date no such drugs are available in the market, which possess anti snake venom activity.Mouriri pusa (Melastomataceae), Byrsonima crassa (Malpighiaceae), and Davilla elliptica (Dilleniaceae) The term “natural products” spans an extremely large and diverse range of chemical compounds derived and isolated from biological sources such as plants, minerals, and organic matter. Interest in natural products that have been used for over a thousand years is continuing based on the experience of randomized trials and animal observations. In ancient times, people acquired knowledge on plant use to treat diseases. For example, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) and Indian herbal medicine (Ayurvedic) were highly developed in antiquity. China, Japan, Korea, and India still influence modern healthcare [ 32]. In recent years, natural products have experienced a resurgence in drug discovery programs, mainly due to their superior chemical diversity over synthetic compound libraries and their drug-like properties. There are several widely used drugs derived from natural sources, which are available in the form of food supplements, nutraceuticals, and complementary and alternative medicines. In fact, some widely used drugs used to treat certain life-threatening diseases are derived from natural sources, such as paclitaxel and artemisinin, which are used as anticancer and antimalarial agents, respectively [ 38]. Today, many people depend on injectable neurotoxins to treat wrinkles, pigmentation, skin roughness, laxity and fine lines. The analgesics such as buprenorphine ( 98), morphine and tramadol ( 99, 100) have been shown to be effective analgesics when used in experiments involving venoms that cause local tissue damage and death. No differences in the extent of local hemorrhage, edema and myonecrosis induced by venom of Bothrops asper in mice were observed in mice pre-treated with morphine and tramadol, as compared to controls not receiving analgesia ( 99). The analgesic effect of these drugs can be readily evaluated by using the Mouse Grimace Scale (MGS) ( 101) and the mouse exploratory activity ( 102), which enable the quantification of pain. It was shown that morphine and tramadol are effective in reducing pain in several models of envenoming by the venom of B. asper ( 100). Likewise, the use of tramadol did not alter the results of the estimation of antivenom potency in the case of B. asper venom and a polyspecific antivenom ( 37). It is necessary to expand these observations to other venoms to assess whether similar results are obtained. In that case, the routine use of analgesia should be promoted in research and quality control laboratories.

The efficacy of Anacardium occidentale extract against pharmacological actions induced by Vipera russelli venom was observed from the neutralization of phospholipases, proteases, and hyaluronidases, as well as edema, hemorrhage, lethality, and myonecrosis effects The mice were randomly grouped into six groups (A, B, C, D, E, and F) of five rats each. Group A served as the normal control (no induction), and the mice in the group were given normal saline (1ml/kg/body weight). A more drastic shift in the protocol to assess venom LD 50 and antivenom ED 50 uses a maximum observation period of 8h [see, for example, Barber et al. ( 107)]. In this methodology, envenomed animals are observed at regular time intervals, e.g., every hour, and the severity of envenoming is graded according to a pre-established set of parameters. Animals that are severely affected at any time interval, i.e., are moribund, are euthanized, and all animals surviving at the end of the 8-h observation period are also euthanized. This modification of the classical methodology reduces the extent of animal suffering, although it may affect the precision of the results, as it has been observed that mice that appear moribund may then recover. A balance needs to be made between the need to refine the lethality test and the need to ensure the robustness of the test for assessing antivenom efficacy. This urges the development of studies to assess the correlation between the results of these improved protocols and those of classical protocols. Concluding Remarks

Author Contributions

The duration of the action of these analgesics in mice must be considered. It has been estimated that it is between 2 and 3h for morphine ( 103, 104) and up to 6h for tramadol ( 105), whereas the action of buprenorphine in the rat lasts for 6–12 h ( 106). Hence, in experiments to assess lethality and its neutralization, which usually last for 24h, there is a need of subsequent administrations of the analgesic. In the case of neurotoxic venoms, it is likely that opioid analgesics, such as the ones described, affect the outcome of the test. In these cases, the use of milder analgesics, such as paracetamol, could be considered. The Modification of the Protocol for the Lethality Test PLA 2 inhibitor and prevention of myofiber breakdown caused by myotoxins I (Asp49) and II (Lys49) of B. asper venom Recent studies have found that Mucuna pruriens leaves are more effective than the standard drug, anti-venin, for curing snakebite. Intramuscular injection (inhibition of myotoxic activity) and subcutaneous injection (inhibition of edema-inducing activity)

Methanolic extract from leaves and twigs of Fagonia cretica (Zygophyllaceae) is capable of inhibiting hemorrhage induced by Naja naja karachiensis venom The two crucial New Guinean species used in the production of anti-venom are Oxyuranus scutellatus and Acanthophis laevis. Major species of South and Southeast Asian snakes used in antivenom production include Calloselasma rhodostoma, Echis carinatus, Naja spp., Daboia spp., Bungarus spp., and Cryptelytrops spp. In Africa, species belonging to Cerastes, Dendroaspis, Naja, Bitis, and Echis genera are significant for antivenom production [ 161].

Assessment of Antivenom Neutralizing Efficacy at Different Stages During the Manufacturing Process

Hence Dr. Sharma recommends people to opt for topical skincare treatments like serums, which are pain-free and much safer than injectable neurotoxins. The results revealed that both the hexane and the ethyl acetate fractions showed capability of inhibiting the venom enzymes significantly when compared with the venom controls in varying degrees of efficacies. For the adjuvant effect, no significant effect of the venom at the administered dose was observed on bleeding time, clotting time, defibrinogenating and haemorrhagic effects compared to the normal control. However, the size of necrotic lesion and the percentage haemolysis were significantly higher in the venom control rats. Both the hexane and the ethyl acetate fractions significantly mitigated these effects in the treated animals. The degree of protection was about three folds more than when the antivenin was used alone. Infusions and crushed leaves from Marsypianthes chamaedrys (Lamiaceae) showed a similar activity produced by antivenom serum against clotting and inflammatory effects of the Bothrops atrox venom One problem it potentially faces in terms of making it effective is that snakes bite – that means that their venom goes into the blood stream and then affects the muscles – but will a synthetic version applied to the skin be effective in locally paralysing muscles? It has to make it across the skin barrier and then through the layers of the skin to the muscles below, which means it has to be a small molecule and there has to be a method to transport it much deeper into the body than most skin creams go.