This element involves identifying an alternative or comparison intervention, if applicable. It could be a different drug, therapy, placebo, standard treatment, or any other relevant comparison. Different frameworks can be used to critique research articles, the framework which will be used within this assignment is the Holland and Rees (2010) critiquing research framework. This framework has been chosen due to its ability to access online and detail of the questions. How do you critique a framework? There are a variety of methods of data collection in qualitative research, including observations, textual or visual analysis (eg from books or videos) and interviews (individual or group). However, the most common methods used, particularly in healthcare research, are interviews and focus groups. Why does PICO have a gun? Question you want to ask of the literature: How effective is the management and assessment of pain in the hospital setting for adults in the intensive care unit setting.

Polly Lee, MSc, BA, RSCN, RGN, RM, DipN, ILTM, is lecturer in child health nursing, City University, London Understanding qualitative research Parahoo, K. (2014). Nursing Research – Principles, Process and Issues. 3 rd Ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Once the data has been analysed thoroughly, the findings should be clearly displayed. Although there are many ways to analyse qualitative data, researchers normally organise it into common groups/topics (themes). These should be examined within the research report with examples (quotes) from each theme being given.Ethical issues are important and should be considered at every step of the research process. This is not just about obtaining ‘ethical approval’ for a study but also ensuring the rights of participants are not violated. When reporting qualitative research, participants’ anonymity and confidentiality must not be breached. The Central Office for Research Ethics Committees (www.corec.org.uk) offers guidance for researchers planning to undertake any research within the NHS.

Lovin, R. (2017) Study of Nurses’ Attitudes and Practices towards Pain Evaluation in Nonverbal Patients. Montview Liberty University Journal of Undergraduate Research [online]. 3(1), pp.1-34. [Accessed 19/02/2019]. Available at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/montview/vol3/iss1/4/Some of the terminology that relates to qualitative and quantitative research and how these relate to different worldviews (paradigms) was introduced in the first article in this series. The notion of qualitative (non-numerical) and quantitative (numerical) data was also introduced. Readers of qualitative research need a sound understanding of the terminology specific to this type of research to make full sense of the report. If you need assistance with writing your nursing essay, our professional nursing essay writing service is here to help! Find out more The aim of this study is to show that current nursing practice in the area of pain assessment in non-communicative patients can be improved. Search restrictions: Full Text Online, Nursing and English language were used, and the date range was from 2013 to 2019 but as suitable articles were hard to find within this date range it had to be changed to 2012 to 2019. The terminology used in some professional journals would require inexperienced readers to explore meanings further. For example, the term ‘constant comparative analysis’ would be familiar to qualitative researchers - particularly those who use the grounded theory approach (methodology) even though there may not be space within the journal to explain why this is unique to one particular research approach. Once data analysis has been completed, then qualitative researchers discuss their findings, although generalisability is not normally possible with qualitative research.

Our academic experts are ready and waiting to assist with any writing project you may have. From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs. View our servicesFinally, readers should consider implications of the research for nursing and midwifery. While these implications can relate to the practice, education, research and management of nursing and midwifery, not all research reports detail the implications for all aspects of the professions. Indeed, the word allowance in many health journals will only allow for detailed discussion of a few implications. How qualitative research assists practitioners Search each individual string on its own in each of your selecteddatabases. Record the number of search results for each string and database.

Recruitment to any research project is an important consideration but qualitative researchers often want to obtain the thoughts or opinions of a specific group of people who have experienced a phenomenon. It is more important therefore for qualitative researchers to ensure that participants have experienced the phenomenon rather than randomly selecting people who may not be able to answer the questions. Heale, R. and Shorten, A. (2016). Ethical Context of Nursing Research. Evidence-Based Nursing – British Medical Journal. [Online]. 20 (1), pp. 7. [Accessed 29 April 2019]. Available at: https://ebn.bmj.com/content/20/1/7 The PRISMA flow chart has different boxes and arrows that connect them. The boxes show the different steps, like finding studies, screening them, and deciding which ones to include or exclude. The arrows show how many studies are involved at each step. The flow chart is important because it helps you show how you chose the studies and if there were any problems or biases in the process. Aveyard, H. Goodman,M. Mould, P. (2017) Nursing research an introduction. 3rd ed. London: Sage publications.

Deldar, K., Froutan, R. and Ebadi, A. (2018) Challenges faced by nurses in using pain assessment scale in patients unable to communicate: a qualitative study. BioMed Central [online]. 17(11), pp.1-8. [Accessed 19/02/2019]. Available at: https://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12912-018-0281-3#Abs1