Here, we used tetrode recordings in tethered flying monarch butterflies to unravel how a goal direction is represented in the insect brain. Butterfly Brain is a cautionary tale that evolves into a guide to coping with grief and loss that culminates in words of kindness, hope and comfort. Książka napisana jest w wierszem, dla mnie nieco chaotycznym (niektóre fragmenty zgrabnie się rymowały, inne natomiast wcale), co trochę wybijało mnie z rytmu podczas czytania. On brain MRI performed the following year, three years after diagnosis, a bilobed focus of enhancement is seen within the right ventricle. Hematoxylin and eosin stain from brain biopsy performed the day after initial presentation show hypercellular glial tissue with pseudopalisading necrosis (Figure ​ (Figure2A, 2A, left) and microvascular proliferation (Figure ​ (Figure2B, 2B, center).

Ross Welford introduces Time Travelling with a Tortoise, the sequel to Time Travelling with a Hamster, and a whole new time travel adventure! When the MGMT promoter is methylated, or silenced, cells become more sensitive to alkylating agents used to facilitate apoptosis, such as temozolomide [ 10]. The compilation of nuclear pleomorphism, nuclear atypia, microvascular proliferation, and necrosis (Figure ​ (Figure2C, 2C, right) are consistent with glioblastoma, grade IV.Given the highly conserved function of the insect central complex 1, 36, 37, 38, this brain region is central for spatial orientation in monarch butterflies. It’s at this point that the story begins to open up into something much more interesting and profound than it originally seemed.

Laura has appeared on a host of TV programmes; CBeebies, Blue Peter, Newsnight and BBC Breakfast to name a few. a, b Change in angular tuning of steering neurons to compass perturbations ( a) and aversive conditioning ( b). c; compare Supplementary Movie 1 showing pre-conditioning with Supplementary Movie 2 showing post-conditioning).She is author of the Carnegie Medal nominated YA novel Lorali , as well as the Darcy Burdock series (Random House) for younger readers, which was also nominated for the Carnegie Medal and shortlisted for the Waterstones Children's Book Prize in 2014, and My Mum is Growing Down (Faber). In the turn of a page, Laura took me from laughing out loud to wiping away tears – and that still happens on every reading. Our results therefore suggest that the GD neurons closely interact with steering cells and activate them whenever the butterflies substantially deviate from their desired goal direction.

Blood dotted the floor in a trail of red crumbs and stained the soles of shoes like spat –out chewed gum. Based on the influence of compass perturbations on the neural tuning, we classified the neurons into two types: (i) compass neurons whose angular tuning was linked to the butterflies’ heading direction, such as HD and steering neurons, and (ii) putative GD neurons whose angular tuning was not affected by compass perturbations. Butterfly Brain was originally written as a musical piece commissioned by Wigmore Hall and will be published as an extended picture book fully illustrated by Gwen Millward. Dr Stephen Montgomery of Bristol’s School of Biological Sciences explained: “ Heliconius are the only butterflies known to collect and digest pollen, which gives them an adult source of protein, when most other butterflies exclusively obtain protein as caterpillars. By changing the compass polarity through sun displacements, we might have induced a translocation of the HD representation

Candy Gourlay introduces Wild Song, her companion novel to Bone Talk, in which Luki and Samkad leave their home in the Philippines for America. Despite being evolutionarily distant, our results show that the insect central complex houses GD neurons similar to the ones described in the mammalian brain 15, highlighting the computational power of the insect brain in goal-directed spatial orientation. After school she migrated north to Edinburgh to study art where she graduated with a First in illustration and was awarded the Helen A. A delightful and moving exploration of grief and the joy of all that makes us human, from the sparkling voice of Laura Dockrill with heartwarming illustrations from Gwen Millward.